Analyzing system for picture transmission



Oct. 20, 1931. R. H. RANGER ANALYZING SYSTEM FOR PICTURE TRANSMISSIONFiled NOV. 26, v1928 zo A5 is an Patented Oct. 20,1931 I 310mm:notvilann mnennor NEWAR -NEW ass'reivon'ro name.

ZPOBATICNQEFAMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE ANALYZING svs'rn'iu For:r oruanfraansmrssroie I Applicationfiled November- 26,1228. Serial N.'321,a21. 3

-The present invention relates principally to -W hat has generallybecome known the art as picture -transmission*by 'means of an electr ccurrentor wave, or; by meansoff a 5 multiplicity of currents or waveseither by Wire connection or afradio transmission sy'ss tem, or Wiredradio systems,'connectlngiand' existing between the sending and areceiving apparatus conveniently located. Y

1' 1 By the term picturessuitable for-trans mission, I, of course,rnearr'the transmission class. i

to electrically transmita picture, the picture surface mustbe-analyzed,' scanned,,Or'broken "up into a great multiplicity of parts,dots, A V or segments, by meansofappropriately con trolled light beamsand therefiected or trans c mitted light emanating or being transmittedfrom orthroughany'and every given dOt'O-L' surface-may be converted'intoelectric cur 1 rent impulses Whose intensities vary inrdi- '20- rectratio to the intensity of the light itself, that-is, the variations incurrentim'pulses' must be in direct proportion to the variationsin'intensities in light-and shade inthe picture surface Such a;modulated current forms the basis of the transmission scheme and myinvention particularly refers to an improved 1 means'of obtaining therequisite primary il luminatio-n'of, the picture, dot, segment;v or

, part, that is to be transmitted atany particu- 'larinstant; 1 f1 Asshown,the invention appears tobe primarily intendedflfor use intransmitting,

opaque picturesbut fromthe accompanying r. descriptionitwill'at once'become apparent vention to overconie some of the difficulties that itmay also be applied to the transmis sion of transparent and semitransparent material by the simple process 0f reversing. theoptical'syste'mi 5 One' of the outstanding v quirements in pictur'e transmissonis the pro: vision ot suitable light in abundance, as is understood inthe art, in order the variations in the intensity'of light andWGllkIIOWIl to'those skilled in the art towhichthe invention relates.)'Inpicturetransm'iS sion schemespthe' actual loss oflight is very great"and this is due primarily to the' poor reflecting surface of thematerial or picture f; being transmitted as the picture itself' or thescanning lens or'both must, of necessity, be, in constant motion.It-follovvs that consid c erable difficulty is also" experienced inbring ing a strong enough light to bear upOn'a rap c9 idly moving spot.Generally speaking, lamps, such as, are, lamps, or cumbersome metalfilament lampsmUst be avoided for illumination purposes due to practicalreaq sons In practice it is objectionable'to-"usef light from any fixedsource because of the fact thatthe'obj ect's or scanning lens. of thetransmissionsystem is always' in' constant motion and varyinguismnqesaresetup between the light source 'a nd theilluminated'spot; "To '70arrange Vanarc lamp orother bulky formof light source in a'manner suchthat it travels across the picture surface in am preferred? manner v1'salso most objectionable for {*ine'i chanical reasonsjand because of themech' ani cal diflicu'ltiesj encountered is system of tliischaracten c lv a V It is also underStQod that thelight ray, fas reflected from"an'illuminat'ionpicture "surf-j face or spot, or',as directed througha'transparent .or semi-transparent picture surface or material, must beconveyed ultimatelytoa: photoelectric cell or element suitable forprod-'7; ducing. current variations in accordance with shade in the,picture. This requires'the use of a? lens of suitable size and focus.WlllCll must, of necessity, tr avelfwith orscan' the illuminated spotand such" a lens should be located near the picture'surface In practice1 a distance from one half to one inch has been found 'quite a suitabledistance for. placing the lens from the picture-surface. o "i It is,therefore, an object of myi-present ininvolved in the use of lightsystems for :ana-r ly'zing or scanning pictures, ,as above ,set' forth.l f q 7. Still another-object of my invention is to 7 provide a compactand convenient arrange- 1m? inarranging a the severalindividual lights:coming downat various angles; to. the picture surface. has the ment of alight source which will provide light intensities considerably greaterthan.

those now used, so-far asI am aware, for the purpose of illuminating apicture surface for the purpose of analyzing the picture.

Stillanother object of myinvention f is to produce a system of; lights,arrangedfo-r an-' alyzing a picture to be transmitted, in which thelights are of such a size that they may conveniently travel with.thejanalyzi-ng systern and photo celliforsproducing currentva riations1n accordance w1th the varlations n intensity of light and shade in'thepicture" surface. V .V

Still another object of myinvention is to producea light systemjin.which the use ozfi advantageof givinga better distribution of thelightso that there will not he undue rei-l flectionfrom the ink ona part ofthe picture which, might happen if theilight was all coming in onedirection and the. anglesof theink surface were such. as to give almostthe correct. angle between the, incident. and the, re.-

flected. light to-send a. bit of light, to. the photo. cent Stillanother oloject of invention islto.

producea light system composed of a plural ity of light sourcesvsurrounding a scanning.

lenssystein in which theaverage illumination which is producedY-is moresatisfactory in giving; greater, difierenti'ationbetween, white andblackporti ons of the. picture. surface.

Still aiurther. object of my invention isto; produce; an adjiistabl'e.diaphragm system po.-; sitioned between thej analyzing lens and the.

pl otofcell so'that 'the, exact size of unit pick- .up bylthe photocellmay be. made adjustalolev 'to fitthe, gifven line. advance; of. thepicture surface. and thegsize of...detail, desired. In

thisl constru'ction it isdes'irabletofocus that "portion of the. pictureilluminated; exactly ponthe diaphragm-{although this is not sentlal'.

Other objects. of my inventionare. to. pro- (luce, in a manner to behereinafter set forth,

an illumination system. for illuminating pic" ture surfaces for thepurpose of analyzing.

and to produce, an illumination systemwliich is. compact. in itsarrangement,v durable, con venient to. install, a. system; whichoccupies theminimum amount of space, a system;

which is; inexpensive, as; well as. a system which is: fool-prooi'andhighly efficient in its USE; i I Other and ancillary objects of'myinvention will beapparent from a reading of the fol lbwi ngspecification and claims when considered together with; the accompanyingdrawingswhich form a; part ofmy disclosure. I

13h the accompanying drawings illustrating my invention in one of itspreferred em-hodi f nts.

Fig. 1 illustrates a sectional View taken on the line 11 of Fig. 2 andshows a portion of the light systems; and, v

Fig. 2 illustrates afront view of my illumie nation system looking atFig. 1 from the end thereof nearest. Fig. 2, as shown loythe .drawn s ir .1; .113: .51. n accordance with my invention Iyhave provided a systemwherein I have arranged a series-of smal'l concentratedinstal -filamentliamp's;.preferahl y ofe'qu-al size and intensity, on a circleconcentric w th a scannlng lens and have interposedhetw'eeir" the circleof concentric lamps and the spot on the picture surface to 'beilluminated, condensing lenses of suitable diameters and focallengths.illhe optical axesfof the lampcombinationsl'should; preferably bearranged conicalwonewtoi the other and at suchan-angle-to the-major; 01Ethelight beam fromrthe spot torthe photoelectric cell. as is necessaryin i order to .avoidthe light issuing, from the. separate lamps:

striking the scanning lensand its mounting.

In accordance with this arrangementan exs tremely small amount 0t avalable spaeelis used togreat. advantage andtherillumi-natedspot on thepicture surface receivesa constant. amount of highlyconcentratedli-ghtat all It musthe borne in mi-ndand understood that thereflected. light nay, which influences the photo 0e11,; is preiterahly.aaright angles to the plane ot the picture. sllriz'ace which is.illuminated and I have ,found' an angle ot. approximatelyf; 9betweeneach of the minor light. beams and; the major; beam to be quite:satisfactory although the question of .the

. angleused is merelyone -o-f choice and One.

arrangedas the four; corners of a square-,-;h ave been sults, N ring.drawings I have illustrated the separate-light source 1 as directingithein individual 1 light beams along the paths 3 to; condensing lenses.

found togive quitdsatisfactory re-f issuing lightasapoint. source Zupon;a pict-ure; surface 9., r

. 5 in such a mannerthat they alldirect thelllitonly a: bf'whi h s s wn7 which may, if desired*,. rotate inzsteprby-stepf movement. inthe;direction ofthejarnow tteii he i ht sai -me as v un uhaveman-a:

iii

and forth acrossfthe drum, or, in the second case, a spiral; path,longitudinallyofj the drum. -j;In the case, aszshown, however, thesystem has particularly adapted for the'first;

namedtype of motion ofthe lens and drum systems and, it is tobeunderstood, in order to change the system into the second type all thatis necessary is to wrap the picture sur facecompletely around the drum11 andconti-nuously rotate thesame at .a suitable and desired rotationalspeed. 'Ashas been shown, thepicture surface 9 may be advanced contin '7ually with respect to thedrum 11 by -means' I v V I left uncovered inthe dlaphragm. y..

- of rollers 13and 15."

' ;The,lightt directed fromthe separate lamps 1 alongftheindividual-paths 3 to focus itself bymeans of -l3l16' condensing lenses5 as a point source 7 is then reflected at from the picture surface 9,as shown, back toward a scanning-lens system 17. The function oftheiscanning lensisy'stem V1? is to collect the light reflected from thepicture surface 9 at the point 7 and to direct the same to thephotoelectric element or cell 19 arranged to produce variations inelectric current strengthin accordance with the pointfor point intensityof light and shade on the picture surface. Ereferably, the photo cell iscontained within the light o'paqueg'housing 21 so'thatsit may beuneffectedbyexternal light, other than that light whichreachesthe cellasa reflected light 7 beam from the picture surface. The cell 19 may beassociated with any desired type of amplifying circuit,andI have-found asuit:

able arrangement may consist, for example,

of ;,a system? substantially similar to the ar-i rangementdisclosed incertain of my copending applications, for example, Serial'No. 695,17 5,filed February 26,1924; or Serial No,

726,235,, filed July-'16, 1924.

The scanning lens system 17 is carried in'a light tube member 23 whichextends from the screen or shield portion 25 about the lens 17 back tothe; point wherelthe housing 21 is.

preferably mounted. The screen or shield portion 25 is for the purposeof preventing internal or straylight reflections from influencing thescanning lens and in turn. the photocell. This tubular portiona23'isrigidlysecured to the light tight housing 21 and is, as shown, carriedtherewith backand forth longitudinally of the drum member 11.

i'lLocated within the light tube member23 are a'series of battle rings27 and29, for the purpose of preventing reflected light from the sidesof. the tubularhousingfrom-reach- 0e11,, Asshown, the baffle ring 29fisof slightly larger size than the o ri ngg27 iii-L as'much'as the lightfrom the pointsource 7 as sin 'athrou hithe soannin or. anal zin a, C},p a a such an appropr lens system 17 ba'ckfto the photocell 19 di -1vergesin direct proportion to the length'ofthe path "between the picturesurface and the photo cell., I l n Positioned betweenthe end of: thelight tube member. carrying the bafflering .29 and the photo cell 19 Ihave arra'ng'edan adjust-- able diaphragm member, generally designated37; This diaphragm is preferably made of'a' fiatpieceof metal securedeither to. the. housing 21 or to the light tube memberand is providedwith two slidable members 39j(only"one of which is shownfor con--venience of illustration);These: slidable I members are positioned andadjustable at right angles with respect to eachj other by means of ascrew. adj ustment' a1 and are soarranged as to limit the size of thefinal hole 7 means it is possible to change the height or breadth of theholewhich is done by screwing uponone orthe other,'o'r both, slidablememv .bers 39 togive eXactlythe size of opening desired. 1 a; 'Theentire optical systemI-including the analyzing ;or scanning, lens 17throws back more of an image. than; is desirable to use By means oftheadjustablediaphragm 37 the ex'act si ze of unit, pick-up ismade tofit the given line advance of the picture surface and the amount ofdetail desired. (Inthisconnection the portionof the picture illuminatedisfocused direcLly on thediaphragm, and

the scanning; lens or microscopic lens 17 is of iate focal length'astofitthis condition. .-I

The metalfilament lampsl are carried by' supporting brackets 3L whichare. mounted from a support ring'33 carriedby thelight 10 5 ablyadjustably mounted with respect to the,

tube member, 23., These; lights are prefer;

supporting brackets so asto enable thelamp. Y filament locationwithrespect .tofthe con-:1

densing lenslsy'stems 5 ,to be; critically adjusted. Similarly, the lenssystems 5 are carried from the same supporting ring-33 which supportsthe brackets for carrying the lamps 1 although, as shown,'th'e,condensing lens sys-: tems are not adjustable with respect to thesupporting ring.

tions of operation it has been'found-that equally satisfactory resultsmay be obtained without the use of housing about the illumi-f nationsystem; Similarly, I have found that small reflectors may, if desiredfbeplaced ba'ck'of the lamps 1- so as to reflect-thelight, a whichissuesfrom the lamps in @adirection 1 p opposite to that of the lenssystems. These reflectors; have= not been illustrated inasmuch as theyare, 1f used, of the usual commercial type ancbwould be placed at the"ends of the supporting brackets 81 and arrangedback of the lamps-Isa astorefiect the light ssuing from the Vlamps back toward the lens eye'-If. desired, "the major reflected beamof: ligliitzwhich passes throughthe light'tubul'ar member 23may be composed of one or any number-oflight beams each having its own axisdepending uponthe number of lines itisrequilred to be transmitted at onetime l llhil e the'accompanyingdrawings illustrateonly one application: of my invention a as appliedtothe illumination of opaque pictures, from the above description itoanreadi ly be seen that a transparent or semi-transparent picture may alsobe similarly il l um-ihated by locating the light giving elements Withinthe confines of a transparent picture drum; In this latter case, also,the light units claims, wherein,

IIclaim': I

1." An illumination system for illuminating of this inventionasdefinedby the following w picture surfaces for analyzing purposes in the"transmission thereof which includesa pluralityof light sources eacharranged concentricallywith respect to-ea'c'h other, a picture surfacefor transmission, means fordirectmg the 7m light fromeach? of saidconcentrically a ranged'light'surfaces to a single point on said picturesurface, means r' or redirecting the light from'saidpicture surface, andphoto- N electric rheafns for producing electric current.

" variations when subject to the influence ofthe redirected. light raysso as to produceelectric currents varied in direct proportion to'f-the.varying intensities of l ght and shade on the picture surface. I

2. Any analyzing systemrfor picture surfaces to be transmitted whichincludes anan- 7 :aly zing lenssystem, a photoelectric cellar-f rangedalong the focal path o fsa-i'dl ens syistern, a' plurality of lightsources arranged V concentrically about said analyzing, lens sys-;

tem, meanstor directing lightrtrom: each of said lightsources at angle;With respect teapjoint onsaid picturesurface and at an angle cost withrespectto the opticalraxis of saidanalyzthrough said; analyzing: lenssystem to: saidphotoelectric member for producingelectri esingglensisystelm: andmea-ns for redirecting: the

Y lightiirorn sa-idipoiint on said picture surface:

1 cal current variations tlfierein iin direct pro 1., seegooo.

portion to the! varying intensities-o "light and shadeon the saidpieture surfaceb I f 3. An analyzing system tor I trans itting pictureswhiclrfincludes-a picture surface to be transmitted, ananalyzinglensgsystern for analyzing the varying i ntensiti'es of light.and

shade. 1 in a picture surface for transmission tnbul'arhousingmforisup-portingsaid' lens systenn; a photoelectric :cell supported at oneendof said tubular housing; for said lens sys tem, a plurality oflightsourcescarr-ie'd by said tubular "housing" and 7 arranged concen"trically with respect. to-f'said, analyzing lens tua'e surface.

4 a An analyzing: system 5505 analyzing pi-c a tures'for;transmissionwhich includes a pie ture 'surfacezfor transmission, an analyzing lenssystenr supported adjacent said picturesiu-tace, a tubular housing. forsupporting said lens system a'photoelectric cell carried at the end ofsaid housing opposite said" lenssystem, plurality ofrlightsourcessupported by saidtubular housing. for said l'ens 'system and 1naount'ed. concentrically with respect thereto, condensing lens systemsfor direct ing the light issuing from all of said light sources to .a.single point on the said picture surface along paths extending at?ananglewith respect tothe: axiszof said tubul'arhousing for saidanalyzing lens system,' andmeans provided; by the reflected light fromsaid picelectric currents through said fp'hotocell hiclr'are variedfi naccordancewith e the varying point for lpoint intensitiesof lightandshade on the said picture surface;-

5 Anillumination systelnyfor analyzing picturescfor' transmission whichincludes aa picture supportsurface, a picture surfacecarried thereby; anopticalanaly'zing lens system mounted adjacent sai-d picture sur facean'dat right angles-"Withrespect thereto;

an elongated tubularli'ousing for supporting saidianalyzing lens systematone end thereof;

a plurality: oi adjustably 'mounte'd jl ight sources carried by saidtubular housing and arranged concentrically about said housing, 7.

a plurality of lens SYS tQHlS ZLlSO carried by said housingfand arrangedconcentrically.

with respect f thereto for directing the from; each of said-individuallight sourcesf as point source on said picture surfacexcori respondingto the ,fccus-pointiofsaid analyzingjlens sy'stem,nieans'providedbysaidana-" lyzin g lens system'f'o'r directing there flect'ed 1.05 turesurfacepassingthroughsaidanalyzing lens system'to. said 'photoic'ell forproducing cludes, in addition, a plurality of battle rings carried bysaid tubular housing for preventing reflected light from the edge ofsaid housing from reaching the said cell, whereby only the light passeddirect from said analyzing lens systeminfluences the said photoelectriccell. a i

7. The system claimed in claim 5 including,

in addition, a shield arranged about saidana- V lyzing lens system forscreening the said lens and its associated photo cell from internal andstray light reflections.

8. An analyzing system for transmitting pictures which includes apicture surface to be transmitted, an analyzing lens system for an-'alyzing the varying intensities of light and shade in a picture surfacefor transmission, a tubular housing forsupporting said lens system, ashield portion for shielding the said lens system from undesired lightcarried by r the portion of said housing supporting said lens system, aphotoelectric cell supported at one end of said tubular housing for saidlens,

system, a plurality of light sources carried by said tubular housing andarranged concentrically-with respectto said analyzing lens system, meansfor directing the light from a said plurality of light sources to acommon point on said picture surface, and means provided by said lenssystem for influencing the said photoelectric cell bythe light reflectedfrom said picture surface so as to produceelectric currents through saidphotoelectric cell varied in direct proportion to the varyingintensities of light and shade in said picture surface. Y i I 9. In ananalyzing system for picture transmission apparatus, a picture surfacearranged for transmission, a scanning lens system for scanning saidpicture to be transmitted, a tubular housing for supporting said lens inone end thereof and adj acent said picture surface, an illuminationsystem sur-- rounding said lens'and housing and arranged i said scanninglens into proportionate variable strength electric current pulses.

10. A system for illuminating picture'surfaces for analyzing purposeswhich includes a plurality of light sources and means associa'tedtherewith fordire'cting the light issuing from each of said sources to asingle point r on a. picture surface to be transmitted, means forredirectingthe light striking the said picture surfaces as a pointsource, photoelectric means for producing electric current variationsproportional to the varying tensities of light andshade. at the saidpoint 7 on the picture surfaces, and an adjustable diaphragm positionedbetween said means for redirecting the light and said photoelectricmeans forregulating the amount of detail in the picturetransmitted'andadjusting the system for a predetermined line advance of the picturesurface.

11. An analyzing system for picture surfaces to be transmitted whichincludes an analyzing lens system, a photoelectric cell arranged alongthe' focal path of said lens system, a plurality of concentricallyarranged tem, means for directing light from each of said light sourcesat an angle with respect to anelemental area on the picture surface andat an angle with respect to the optical axis of said analyzing lenssystem, means provided by saidanalyzing lens system'for redirectingthelight from said elemental area on said picture surface to saidphotoelectric member for producing electrical current variations thereinin direct proportion to the Varying intensities of light 'and shade onsaid picture surface,and an adjustable diaphragm member positionedvbetween said analyzing lens system and said photoelectric member forcontrolling the amount oflight reaching said photoelectric member.

annularly with respect thereto for illumin'ating the said picturesurface, means carried sponding to the focal point of said lens sy's-' Vtem, and means at the end of said housing opposite said lens system fortranslating varying intensities of light and shade on the ele-

